Difference between revisions of "Disk mounting"

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[[Category:Engineering]]
 
[[Category:Engineering]]
 
[[Category:Drives_and_Filesystems]]
 
[[Category:Drives_and_Filesystems]]
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== umount: foo : device is busy. ==
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You can't unmount a busy filesystem. You might see something like this:
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<pre>
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# umount foo
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umount: foo: device is busy.
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        (In some cases useful info about processes that use
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        the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))
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</pre>
 +
You are then frustrated by the fact that both '''fuser -m foo''' or '''lsof -n -N | grep foo''' give no results. This can happen with nested mounts. When checking '''mount''' it is easy to overlook additional mounts inside your mounted filesystem. For example, if you are building a root filesystem you might have '''/dev/sdb1''' mounted on '''/tmp/5A3NOZRz0R''' then not notice that you have have additional '''proc''' and '''devpts''' filesystems mounted under '''/tmp/5A3NOZRz0R'''. You might unmount these filesystems before you can unmount '''/dev/sdb1'''.
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<pre>
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/dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,noatime,errors=remount-ro)
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proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
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sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
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udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755)
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tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
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devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620)
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/dev/sdb1 on /tmp/5A3NOZRz0R type ext3 (rw)
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/proc on /tmp/5A3NOZRz0R/proc type none (rw,bind)
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devpts on /tmp/5A3NOZRz0R/dev/pts type devpts (rw)
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</pre>
  
 
== fdisk ==
 
== fdisk ==

Revision as of 15:02, 10 September 2012


umount: foo : device is busy.

You can't unmount a busy filesystem. You might see something like this:

# umount foo
umount: foo: device is busy.
        (In some cases useful info about processes that use
         the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))

You are then frustrated by the fact that both fuser -m foo or lsof -n -N | grep foo give no results. This can happen with nested mounts. When checking mount it is easy to overlook additional mounts inside your mounted filesystem. For example, if you are building a root filesystem you might have /dev/sdb1 mounted on /tmp/5A3NOZRz0R then not notice that you have have additional proc and devpts filesystems mounted under /tmp/5A3NOZRz0R. You might unmount these filesystems before you can unmount /dev/sdb1.

/dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,noatime,errors=remount-ro)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620)
/dev/sdb1 on /tmp/5A3NOZRz0R type ext3 (rw)
/proc on /tmp/5A3NOZRz0R/proc type none (rw,bind)
devpts on /tmp/5A3NOZRz0R/dev/pts type devpts (rw)

fdisk

This will list all the disks that Linux sees. This will not show loop devices. See `losetup` example for more information:

fdisk -l

losetup

Convert a VMWare flat split image disk set to a raw disk image
cat linux-server-f001.vmdk linux-server-f002.vmdk linux-server-f003.vmdk > linux-server.img
Find the start of partitions
fdisk -l -u linux-server.img
First partition usually starts at block 63. Each block is usually 512 bytes. Offset is therefore
echo $((63*512))
Find the start of each partition down to the exact offset byte (easier than `fdisk`)
parted linux-server.img unit b print
List the next available loopback device
losetup -f
Attach loopback to a partition offset inside of a disk image
losetup -o $((63*512)) /dev/loop0 linux-server.img
Create a mount point
mkdir -p /media/adhoc
Mount the partition
mount /dev/loop0 /media/adhoc
Unmount the partition before cleaning up loop device
umount /media/adhoc
Cleanup the loop device
losetup -d /dev/loop0

losetup -- mount individual partitions in a whole disk image

If you have a while disk image and you want to mount partitions inside that image then use `losetup` to create a loopback device for the image. For example, say you copied an entire disk using `dd` like this:

dd if=/dev/sda of=disk.img

You can later create a loop device for it and see its partitions with `fdisk` and mount those partitions individually with `mount`. Note that `fdisk -l` does not normally show loop devices. You must add an explicit path to the loop device that you want to list.

losetup /dev/loop0 disk.img
fdisk -l /dev/loop0

The previous example assumed that /dev/loop0 was free. You can you the '-f' option to automatically find a free loop device. In this example we first use the '-f' option to associate the image file with the next available loop device; then we use the '-j' option to see what loop device was associated with the file:

losetup -f disk.img
losetup -j disk.img

mounting partitions inside a disk image without loop device

It is also possible to mount partitions inside a disk image file directly with `mount` using the 'offset' option, but I have not had luck with this.

mount -o loop,ro,offset=1025 disk.img /media/adhoc

Disk recovery

Use `dd_rhelp`. This is a wrapper around `dd_rescue` that makes it easier to use.