Difference between revisions of "PNG canvas in Python"

From Noah.org
Jump to navigationJump to search
m
 
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:
 
[[Category:Python]]
 
[[Category:Python]]
 
[[Category:Free_Software]]
 
[[Category:Free_Software]]
 +
 +
 +
See also [[canvas.py|canvas.py]]
  
 
== PNG Canvas in Python ==
 
== PNG Canvas in Python ==
Line 17: Line 20:
  
 
Use the 'pixel()' method to set and get RGB pixels on the canvas.
 
Use the 'pixel()' method to set and get RGB pixels on the canvas.
Use the 'str()' method to serialize the canvas to a PNG format.
+
Use the '__str__()' method to serialize the canvas to a PNG format.
  
 
AUTHOR
 
AUTHOR
Line 73: Line 76:
 
         canvas = ''.join(map(chr, self.get_canvas()))
 
         canvas = ''.join(map(chr, self.get_canvas()))
 
         # Add NULL filter to the start of each scan-line.
 
         # Add NULL filter to the start of each scan-line.
 +
        # This could probably be done in the zip statement above.
 
         scanlines = ''
 
         scanlines = ''
 
         for scanline in self.blocks(canvas, 3 * self.width):
 
         for scanline in self.blocks(canvas, 3 * self.width):
 
             scanlines += chr(0) + scanline
 
             scanlines += chr(0) + scanline
         return (self.signature
+
         return(self.signature
            + self.header()
+
              + self.header()
            + self.chunk('IDAT', self.deflate(scanlines))
+
              + self.chunk('IDAT', self.deflate(scanlines))
            + self.chunk('IEND', ''))
+
              + self.chunk('IEND', ''))
  
 
     def pixel(self, x, y, r=None, g=None, b=None):
 
     def pixel(self, x, y, r=None, g=None, b=None):
Line 126: Line 130:
 
         bigendian int. '''
 
         bigendian int. '''
  
         return (chr((int32 >> 24) & 0xFF)
+
         return(chr((int32 >> 24) & 0xFF)
            + chr((int32 >> 16) & 0xFF)
+
              + chr((int32 >> 16) & 0xFF)
            + chr((int32 >> 8) & 0xFF)
+
              + chr((int32 >> 8) & 0xFF)
            + chr(int32 & 0xFF))
+
              + chr(int32 & 0xFF))
  
 
     def chunk(self, chunk_type, chunk_data):
 
     def chunk(self, chunk_type, chunk_data):
  
         return (self.bigendian32(len(chunk_data))
+
         return(self.bigendian32(len(chunk_data))
                + chunk_type
+
              + chunk_type
                + chunk_data
+
              + chunk_data
                + self.bigendian32(self.crc32(chunk_type + chunk_data)))
+
              + self.bigendian32(self.crc32(chunk_type + chunk_data)))
  
 
     def header(self):
 
     def header(self):
  
 
         return self.chunk('IHDR',
 
         return self.chunk('IHDR',
                (self.bigendian32(self.width)
+
                          (self.bigendian32(self.width)
                + self.bigendian32(self.height)
+
                          + self.bigendian32(self.height)
                + chr(8)      # bit depth
+
                          + chr(8)      # bit depth
                + chr(2)      # color type
+
                          + chr(2)      # color type
                + chr(0)      # compression method
+
                          + chr(0)      # compression method
                + chr(0)      # filter type
+
                          + chr(0)      # filter type
                + chr(0)))    # interlace method
+
                          + chr(0)))    # interlace method
  
 
     def blocks(self, biglist, block_size):
 
     def blocks(self, biglist, block_size):
Line 163: Line 167:
 
                 last_block = True
 
                 last_block = True
 
             zblocks += (chr(last_block)
 
             zblocks += (chr(last_block)
                    + chr(block_length & 0xFF)
+
                        + chr(block_length & 0xFF)
                    + chr((block_length >> 8) & 0xFF)
+
                        + chr((block_length >> 8) & 0xFF)
                    + chr((0xFF ^ block_length) & 0xFF)
+
                        + chr((0xFF ^ block_length) & 0xFF)
                    + chr((0xFF ^ (block_length >> 8)) & 0xFF)
+
                        + chr((0xFF ^ (block_length >> 8)) & 0xFF)
                    + block)
+
                        + block)
 
         zblocks += self.bigendian32(self.adler32(scanlines))
 
         zblocks += self.bigendian32(self.adler32(scanlines))
 
         return zblocks
 
         return zblocks
Line 191: Line 195:
 
             b = (a + b) % 0xFFF1
 
             b = (a + b) % 0xFFF1
 
         return (b << 16) + a
 
         return (b << 16) + a
 +
 
</pre>
 
</pre>

Latest revision as of 03:30, 18 December 2013


See also canvas.py

PNG Canvas in Python

This provides a very simple class that represents an R,G,B canvas. You can set and get pixels on the canvas. You can output the canvas as a 24-bit PNG. The PNG is retuned as a string which you can write to a file. This does not provide a way to read PNG files.

This is a very simple, limited pure python script. It has very few dependencies. It does not even import any standard Python libraries. You should be able to use this script on any minimal Python environment. One of the limitation of this script is that the PNG is not actually compressed. The PNG is perfectly valid and can be read by anything that recognizes PNG files.

For testing see Wavelength to RGB in Python.

"""This lets you draw on an RGB canvas and then dump the canvas as a PNG image.
The PNG is very crude and uncompressed. The code is intended to be small and
simple. It is not fast or efficient.

Use the 'pixel()' method to set and get RGB pixels on the canvas.
Use the '__str__()' method to serialize the canvas to a PNG format.

AUTHOR

    Noah Spurrier <noah@noah.org>
    Inspired by code by Keegan McAllister:
        https://github.com/kmcallister/blog-misc/blob/master/minpng/minpng.py

LICENSE

    This license is approved by the OSI and FSF as GPL-compatible.
        http://opensource.org/licenses/isc-license.txt

    Copyright (c) 2012, Noah Spurrier
    PERMISSION TO USE, COPY, MODIFY, AND/OR DISTRIBUTE THIS SOFTWARE FOR ANY
    PURPOSE WITH OR WITHOUT FEE IS HEREBY GRANTED, PROVIDED THAT THE ABOVE
    COPYRIGHT NOTICE AND THIS PERMISSION NOTICE APPEAR IN ALL COPIES.
    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
    WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
    MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
    ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
    WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
    ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
    OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

VERSION

    Version 1
"""


class png_canvas:

    def __init__(self, width=100, height=100):

        '''The image canvas is stored as three separate arrays for
        red, green, and blue. Use the set_canvas() and get_canvas()
        methods to work with the canvas as a single interleved array.
        The pixel() method will set and get pixels on the canvas.
        The __str__() method will render the canvas as a PNG image.
        '''

        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.plane_r = [0] * self.width * self.height
        self.plane_g = [0] * self.width * self.height
        self.plane_b = [0] * self.width * self.height
        self.signature = '\x89\x50\x4e\x47\x0d\x0a\x1a\x0a'
        # RFC 1950 maximum for window size is 0x8000.
        self.DEFLATE_WINDOW_SIZE = 0x8000

    def __str__(self):

        # Merge color planes into a flat string.
        canvas = ''.join(map(chr, self.get_canvas()))
        # Add NULL filter to the start of each scan-line.
        # This could probably be done in the zip statement above.
        scanlines = ''
        for scanline in self.blocks(canvas, 3 * self.width):
            scanlines += chr(0) + scanline
        return(self.signature
               + self.header()
               + self.chunk('IDAT', self.deflate(scanlines))
               + self.chunk('IEND', ''))

    def pixel(self, x, y, r=None, g=None, b=None):

        '''This sets and gets a pixel at the given (x,y) coordinates.
        Use this to both get and set a pixel value.
        If (r,g,b) is given then the pixel is set.
        If (r,g,b) is None then the pixel is not changed.
        In either case the value of the pixel is returned.
        '''

        index = (y * self.width + x)
        if r is not None and g is not None and b is not None:
            self.plane_r[index] = r % 256
            self.plane_g[index] = g % 256
            self.plane_b[index] = b % 256
        return (self.plane_r[index],
                self.plane_g[index],
                self.plane_b[index])

    def get_canvas(self):

        '''This returns the canvas as a list of sequential R,G,B values.
        The planes for R,G,B are zipped together into a single list.
        '''

        # Merge color planes into a flat string.
        merged_planes = zip(self.plane_r, self.plane_g, self.plane_b)
        canvas = list(I for II in merged_planes for I in II)
        return canvas

    def set_canvas(self, canvas):

        '''This sets the R,G,B color planes to the values in the given canvas.
        '''

        assert len(canvas) / 3 == (self.width * self.height), (
            'The canvas is the wrong size.')
        self.plane_r = canvas[0::3]
        self.plane_g = canvas[1::3]
        self.plane_b = canvas[2::3]

    def bigendian32(self, int32):

        '''This returns a string with the given integer encoded as a 32-bit
        bigendian int. '''

        return(chr((int32 >> 24) & 0xFF)
               + chr((int32 >> 16) & 0xFF)
               + chr((int32 >> 8) & 0xFF)
               + chr(int32 & 0xFF))

    def chunk(self, chunk_type, chunk_data):

        return(self.bigendian32(len(chunk_data))
               + chunk_type
               + chunk_data
               + self.bigendian32(self.crc32(chunk_type + chunk_data)))

    def header(self):

        return self.chunk('IHDR',
                          (self.bigendian32(self.width)
                           + self.bigendian32(self.height)
                           + chr(8)      # bit depth
                           + chr(2)      # color type
                           + chr(0)      # compression method
                           + chr(0)      # filter type
                           + chr(0)))    # interlace method

    def blocks(self, biglist, block_size):

        for ii in range(0, len(biglist), block_size):
            yield biglist[ii:ii + block_size]

    def deflate(self, scanlines):

        last_block = False
        zblocks = '\x78\x01'
        for block in self.blocks(scanlines, self.DEFLATE_WINDOW_SIZE):
            block_length = len(block)
            if block_length < self.DEFLATE_WINDOW_SIZE:
                last_block = True
            zblocks += (chr(last_block)
                        + chr(block_length & 0xFF)
                        + chr((block_length >> 8) & 0xFF)
                        + chr((0xFF ^ block_length) & 0xFF)
                        + chr((0xFF ^ (block_length >> 8)) & 0xFF)
                        + block)
        zblocks += self.bigendian32(self.adler32(scanlines))
        return zblocks

    def crc32(self, data):

        crc = 0xFFFFFFFF
        for nn in data:
            crc ^= ord(nn)
            for kk in range(8):
                if crc & 1:
                    crc = 0xEDB88320 ^ (crc >> 1)
                else:
                    crc = crc >> 1
        return crc ^ 0xFFFFFFFF

    def adler32(self, data):

        a = 1
        b = 0
        for dn in data:
            a = (a + ord(dn)) % 0xFFF1
            b = (a + b) % 0xFFF1
        return (b << 16) + a