sysctl and sysfs
sysctl vs. sysfs
Don't confuse these two. The sysctl interface is for stuff under /proc/sys, whereas sysfs is for stuff under /sys (or anywhere a sysfs filesystem is mounted).
Under Ubuntu/Debian you may need to install the procps package to support sysctl and for processing /etc/sysctl.conf at boot. You may also need to install the sysfsutils package to support sys tool and for processing /etc/sysfs.conf at boot.
sysfs settings -- "/etc/sysfs.conf" and "/etc/sysfs.d/"
The systool' command is not often useful. It provides no way to modify attributes and most of the same information can be found under /sys/. The systool command can be used like this:
systool -c block sda -v
sysctl settings -- "/etc/sysctl.conf" and "/etc/sysctl.d/"
Sysctl will accept either . or / in key names. Often you see . used in config files, but it doesn't matter. I prefer to use / since this matches the paths in /proc/sys. Be sure to trim off the leading /proc/sys/ before using it with sysctl. For example,
cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness sysctl vm.swappiness sysctl -w vm.swappiness=50 sysctl -w vm/swappiness=50
These settings can be put into /etc/sysctl.conf or under /etc/sysctl.d/, such as /etc/sysctl.d/60-local.conf.