midi
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$ cat /proc/asound/cards 0 [HDMI ]: HDA-Intel - HDA Intel HDMI HDA Intel HDMI at 0xa0a10000 irq 40 1 [PCH ]: HDA-Intel - HDA Intel PCH HDA Intel PCH at 0xa0a14000 irq 39
Use aplay to list devices.
$ aplay -l **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices **** card 0: HDMI [HDA Intel HDMI], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 0: HDMI [HDA Intel HDMI], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 0: HDMI [HDA Intel HDMI], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 1: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: CS4208 Analog [CS4208 Analog] Subdevices: 0/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 1: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 1: CS4208 Digital [CS4208 Digital] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
Here I guess that card 1 is the hardware device that I want to use for audio output. This gets specified as hw:1 in commands that want it. See the fluidsyncth example.
Start fluidsynth server to act as a virtual midi controller.
fluidsynth --server --audio-driver=alsa -o audio.alsa.device=hw:1 /usr/share/sounds/sf2/FluidR3_GM.sf2
Now you should see the device using aplaymidi to list midi devices (device 128 in the example).
$ aplaymidi -l Port Client name Port name 14:0 Midi Through Midi Through Port-0 128:0 FLUID Synth (15831) Synth input port (15831:0)
Now you can play back a midi file (*.mid) using aplaymidi.
aplaymidi --port=128 trek.mid